Clinical and regulatory comparisons

Compare the evidence.
Do not fake a winner.

29 source-led comparisons across approved medicines and investigational programs. Each page labels whether the evidence is a direct randomized comparison, shared-protocol context, or a cross-trial orientation before explaining what the record cannot answer. Every pair now carries its identity-linked view of the current 268-record ClinicalTrials.gov snapshot.

Coverage ruleNo head-to-head claim without a head-to-head trial.

Cross-trial percentages are orientation points, not a league table. Every value stays attached to its population, duration, dose, comparator, and statistical estimand.

Evidence checked through July 23, 2026
02direct randomized comparisonsTwo groups inside one cited protocol
02shared-protocol comparisonsCommon design with a pairwise statistical boundary
25cross-trial comparisonsSeparate studies with no shared randomization
268unique registry recordsExact-intervention snapshot across 13 tracked pipeline programs
01Lilly USA, LLC / Eli Lilly and Company

Orforglipron
vs Retatrutide

Orforglipron and retatrutide both engage the GLP-1 receptor, but they are fundamentally different drugs with no head-to-head trial. Orforglipron is a non-peptide small molecule and the active ingredient in the FDA-approved oral product FOUNDAYO. Retatrutide is an investigational synthetic peptide that activates GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors and is being studied as a weekly injection. FOUNDAYO has an approved US label and pharmacy product record. Retatrutide has Phase 3 obesity results but no marketing approval. The larger retatrutide percentage came from a different trial, duration, regimen, and estimand, so it cannot establish superiority over orforglipron.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
02Lilly USA, LLC / Novo Nordisk Inc.

Orforglipron
vs Semaglutide

Foundayo and Wegovy are FDA-approved US weight-management products that activate the GLP-1 receptor, but they are not the same kind of drug and have not been compared in a randomized head-to-head trial. Foundayo contains orforglipron, a once-daily non-peptide small-molecule tablet. Wegovy contains the peptide semaglutide and its current US label includes both a once-daily 25 mg tablet and once-weekly injections. The Foundayo label reports about 11.1% mean weight reduction at 72 weeks for its highest approved equivalent-dose group, while the Wegovy tablet label reports 13.6% at 64 weeks. Those values come from separate protocols and do not prove that either product is superior.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
03Lilly USA, LLC / Lilly USA, LLC

Orforglipron
vs Tirzepatide

Foundayo and Zepbound are FDA-approved US products for defined adult weight-management populations, but they differ in molecule, mechanism, route, schedule, labeled uses, and evidence. Foundayo contains the non-peptide small molecule orforglipron, activates the GLP-1 receptor, and is taken as a once-daily tablet. Zepbound contains the peptide tirzepatide, activates GIP and GLP-1 receptors, and is injected once weekly. Their labels report results from separate 72-week studies, not a randomized comparison. Foundayo's highest approved equivalent-dose group averaged about 11.1% weight reduction, while Zepbound Study 1 reported up to 20.9%. That cross-trial difference does not establish a winner.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
04Amgen / Eli Lilly and Company

MariTide
vs Retatrutide

MariTide and retatrutide are different investigational obesity programs with no head-to-head trial. MariTide combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism in a long-acting peptide-antibody conjugate, while retatrutide activates GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors in one molecule. MariTide has a monthly Phase 2 efficacy record and an active Phase 3 program. Retatrutide is a once-weekly program with Phase 3 topline results. Neither is FDA approved, and their headline percentages cannot establish which is more effective.

Separate trial programs · 4 evidence fields
05Novo Nordisk / Eli Lilly and Company

Zenagamtide
vs Retatrutide

Amycretin, now called zenagamtide, and retatrutide are separate investigational programs with no head-to-head trial. Zenagamtide activates GLP-1 and amylin receptors and is being developed as both a once-daily tablet and a once-weekly injection. Retatrutide is a once-weekly GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon triple agonist. Retatrutide has Phase 3 obesity topline results, while zenagamtide evidence spans earlier oral studies, Phase 2 oral and injectable data, and newer late-stage development records. Neither is FDA approved.

Separate trial programs · 4 evidence fields
06Novo Nordisk / Eli Lilly and Company

CagriSema
vs Retatrutide

CagriSema and retatrutide are advanced but different investigational obesity drugs, and no head-to-head trial has compared them. CagriSema combines cagrilintide with semaglutide in a once-weekly injection and has been submitted to the FDA. Retatrutide is a once-weekly triple agonist targeting GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors and has reported Phase 3 topline results. CagriSema is not approved merely because an application was filed, retatrutide is not approved, and separate trial percentages cannot determine which drug is better.

Separate trial programs · 4 evidence fields
07Novo Nordisk / Novo Nordisk

Zenagamtide
vs CagriSema

Amycretin, now called zenagamtide, and CagriSema are separate Novo Nordisk programs that both combine GLP-1 and amylin biology, but they have not been compared head to head. Zenagamtide is one investigational molecule being developed as a daily tablet and a weekly injection. CagriSema is a weekly fixed-dose injection containing two molecules, cagrilintide and semaglutide. CagriSema has completed pivotal Phase 3 trials and is under FDA review, while zenagamtide's current evidence is earlier and its Phase 3 development is underway. Neither is FDA approved.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
08Amgen / Novo Nordisk

MariTide
vs CagriSema

MariTide and CagriSema are different investigational obesity programs with no head-to-head trial. MariTide is Amgen's peptide-antibody conjugate that activates GLP-1 receptors and antagonizes GIP receptors, with monthly dosing at the center of its efficacy program. CagriSema is Novo Nordisk's once-weekly combination of cagrilintide and semaglutide, engaging amylin and GLP-1 pathways. CagriSema has completed pivotal Phase 3 trials and is under FDA review. MariTide has Phase 2 efficacy evidence and an active Phase 3 program. Neither is FDA approved.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
09Novo Nordisk / Boehringer Ingelheim + Zealand Pharma

CagriSema
vs Survodutide

CagriSema and survodutide are different investigational once-weekly obesity drugs with no head-to-head trial. CagriSema combines cagrilintide and semaglutide to engage amylin and GLP-1 pathways and is under FDA review. Survodutide is a single glucagon and GLP-1 receptor dual agonist with Phase 3 obesity and liver-focused evidence. Both have reported Phase 3 weight results, but only CagriSema has a publicly documented US application under review at this evidence check. Neither is approved for marketing, and their separate trials cannot establish which program is better.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
10Novo Nordisk / Novo Nordisk

Cagrilintide
vs CagriSema

Cagrilintide and CagriSema are related but not the same investigational treatment. Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue studied on its own. CagriSema is a fixed-dose combination of cagrilintide and semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. REDEFINE 1 included separate randomized arms for cagrilintide alone and the combination. Novo Nordisk has submitted CagriSema to the FDA, while standalone cagrilintide continues in the RENEW Phase 3 program. Neither is currently FDA approved.

Shared randomized protocol · 4 evidence fields
11Novo Nordisk / Novo Nordisk Inc.

Cagrilintide
vs Semaglutide

Cagrilintide and semaglutide are different peptide medicines and are not interchangeable. Cagrilintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analogue in the standalone RENEW Phase 3 program. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist with product-specific approvals, including WEGOVY for chronic weight management in defined populations. REDEFINE 1 randomized separate cagrilintide and semaglutide arms under one protocol and reported higher descriptive mean weight loss with semaglutide, but the cited sources do not establish a prespecified, statistically powered superiority test between those two monotherapy arms. Cagrilintide is not FDA approved and has no approved retail product or commercial price.

Shared randomized protocol · 5 evidence fields
12Amgen / Novo Nordisk

MariTide
vs Zenagamtide

MariTide and amycretin, now called zenagamtide, are separate investigational obesity programs designed around different mechanisms and treatment schedules. MariTide is a peptide-antibody conjugate that activates GLP-1 receptors and antagonizes GIP receptors, with monthly dosing at the center of its efficacy program. Zenagamtide activates GLP-1 and amylin receptors and is being developed as a daily tablet and weekly injection. No head-to-head trial has compared them, and neither is FDA approved.

Separate trial programs · 4 evidence fields
13Zealand Pharma + Roche / Novo Nordisk

Petrelintide
vs Cagrilintide

Petrelintide and cagrilintide are separate investigational long-acting amylin analogues being developed as once-weekly injections for weight management. No head-to-head trial has compared them. Petrelintide has a completed Phase 2 ZUPREME-1 result and a sponsor plan to enter Phase 3 in the second half of 2026. Cagrilintide has a monotherapy arm in Phase 3 REDEFINE 1 and an active standalone RENEW Phase 3 program. Their headline weight-loss percentages came from different trials, durations, populations, estimands, escalation plans, and placebo groups. Neither molecule is FDA approved, and the available records do not establish which is more effective, safer, or more tolerable for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
14Eli Lilly and Company / Novo Nordisk

Eloralintide
vs Cagrilintide

Eloralintide and cagrilintide are different investigational once-weekly amylin-pathway drugs, and no human head-to-head trial has compared them. Eloralintide is designed to preferentially activate the amylin 1 receptor, while cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue with a broader receptor profile. Eloralintide has a completed 48-week Phase 2 trial and a recruiting ENLIGHTEN Phase 3 program. Cagrilintide has Phase 3 monotherapy evidence from REDEFINE 1 and an active standalone RENEW program. Their percentages came from different trials, durations, dose strategies, estimands, and placebo groups. Neither drug is FDA approved, and the evidence does not establish which is more effective, safer, or more tolerable for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
15Eli Lilly and Company / Eli Lilly and Company

Eloralintide
vs Retatrutide

Eloralintide and retatrutide are separate investigational once-weekly peptide drugs from Lilly, and no head-to-head trial has compared them. Eloralintide is a single long-acting peptide that selectively activates the amylin 1 receptor. It does not activate GLP-1 or glucagon receptors, despite inaccurate descriptions on some commercial pages. Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide designed to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors. Eloralintide has a peer-reviewed 48-week Phase 2 result and recruiting Phase 3 trials. Retatrutide has Phase 3 TRIUMPH results from longer and different studies. The available evidence cannot establish which drug is better, and neither is FDA approved or a legitimate retail product.

Separate trial programs · 6 evidence fields
16Innovent Biologics; licensed from Eli Lilly for China / Eli Lilly and Company

Mazdutide
vs Retatrutide

Mazdutide and retatrutide are different once-weekly peptide drugs with no head-to-head trial. Mazdutide activates GLP-1 and glucagon receptors and has Chinese approvals for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes. Retatrutide also activates the GIP receptor and remains investigational, with Phase 3 obesity results but no marketing approval. Neither drug is FDA approved. Mazdutide's China approval does not create approval or legitimate supply in the United States or another country, and separate Phase 3 percentages cannot determine which drug is more effective, safer, or more appropriate for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
17Innovent Biologics; licensed from Eli Lilly for China / Boehringer Ingelheim + Zealand Pharma

Mazdutide
vs Survodutide

Mazdutide and survodutide are separate once-weekly GLP-1 and glucagon receptor dual agonists, and no head-to-head trial has compared them. Mazdutide has Chinese approvals for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes, while survodutide remains investigational and has reported Phase 3 obesity results plus a dedicated liver-disease program. Neither drug is FDA approved. Their shared receptor class does not make the molecules interchangeable, and results from GLORY and SYNCHRONIZE cannot establish which program is more effective, safer, or better for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
18Roche / Carmot Therapeutics / Eli Lilly and Company

Enicepatide
vs Retatrutide

Enicepatide and retatrutide are different investigational once-weekly obesity drugs, and no head-to-head trial has compared them. Enicepatide, formerly CT-388, activates GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Retatrutide activates those receptors plus the glucagon receptor. Enicepatide has sponsor-reported 48-week Phase 2 results and two recruiting Phase 3 ENITH trials. Retatrutide has Phase 3 TRIUMPH results from separate populations and longer study periods. Their headline percentages use different placebo adjustments, estimands, durations, doses, and trial designs, so they cannot establish a winner. Neither drug is FDA approved or a legitimate retail product.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
19Boehringer Ingelheim + Zealand Pharma / Eli Lilly and Company

Survodutide
vs Retatrutide

Survodutide and retatrutide are different investigational once-weekly obesity programs, and no head-to-head trial has compared them. Survodutide activates glucagon and GLP-1 receptors, while retatrutide also activates the GIP receptor. Both now have Phase 3 obesity results, but the percentages came from separate trials with different durations, dose strategies, populations, estimands, and placebo responses. Survodutide also has a dedicated liver-focused development record. Neither program is approved for marketing, and the current evidence cannot establish which drug is better for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
20Viking Therapeutics / Eli Lilly and Company

VK2735
vs Retatrutide

VK2735 and retatrutide are separate investigational peptide programs with no randomized head-to-head trial. VK2735 activates GLP-1 and GIP receptors and is being developed as both a weekly injection and daily tablet. Retatrutide activates GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors as a weekly injection. VK2735 has 13-week Phase 2 results and fully enrolled injectable Phase 3 trials without outcomes. Retatrutide has reported 80-week Phase 3 obesity results. Neither is FDA approved, and the available evidence cannot show that one is faster, stronger, safer, or better for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
21Viking Therapeutics / Roche / Carmot Therapeutics

VK2735
vs Enicepatide

VK2735 and enicepatide are different investigational GLP-1/GIP dual agonists with no head-to-head trial. VK2735 is a Viking Therapeutics program being studied as both a weekly injection and daily tablet. Enicepatide, formerly CT-388, is Roche's signal-biased once-weekly injectable program. VK2735 has two 13-week Phase 2 formulation records and fully enrolled injectable Phase 3 trials. Enicepatide has a 48-week Phase 2 result and recruiting Phase 3 trials. Neither is FDA approved, and matching receptor labels do not make their doses, percentages, tolerability, or future products interchangeable.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
22Sciwind Biosciences; Pfizer commercialization partner in Mainland China / Novo Nordisk Inc.

Ecnoglutide
vs Semaglutide

Ecnoglutide and semaglutide are GLP-1 receptor agonists with different product and regulatory records. A direct randomized open-label Phase 2 study in 163 Chinese adults with obesity reported mean weight changes of 12.8% with ecnoglutide and 9.5% with semaglutide at week 20, with both groups using 2.4 mg maintenance doses. That is direct interim evidence for one protocol, not a universal winner claim. Ecnoglutide is approved in China for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes but is not FDA approved. WEGOVY is an FDA-approved semaglutide product with its own label, forms, indications, and safety record.

Direct randomized comparison · 5 evidence fields
23Sciwind Biosciences; Pfizer commercialization partner in Mainland China / Innovent Biologics; licensed from Eli Lilly for China

Ecnoglutide
vs Mazdutide

Ecnoglutide and mazdutide are different once-weekly peptide medicines with indication-specific approvals in China and no head-to-head trial against each other. Ecnoglutide is a cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist approved in China for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management in 2026. Mazdutide activates GLP-1 and glucagon receptors and received Chinese approvals for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes in 2025. Neither is FDA approved. Their pivotal weight percentages came from separate Chinese Phase 3 programs, so the results cannot establish that one approved product is more effective, safer, or more available than the other.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
24Sciwind Biosciences; Pfizer commercialization partner in Mainland China / Eli Lilly and Company

Ecnoglutide
vs Retatrutide

Ecnoglutide and retatrutide are separate peptide programs with no randomized head-to-head trial. Ecnoglutide is a once-weekly cAMP-biased GLP-1 receptor agonist with China approvals for chronic weight management and type 2 diabetes. Retatrutide is an investigational once-weekly GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon triple agonist with Phase 3 results but no marketing approval. Neither is FDA approved. Ecnoglutide's China approval does not make it globally available, and retatrutide's larger separate-trial headline cannot establish superiority over the approved Chinese ecnoglutide product.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
25Altimmune / Boehringer Ingelheim + Zealand Pharma

Pemvidutide
vs Survodutide

Pemvidutide and survodutide are separate investigational once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists with no head-to-head trial. Pemvidutide has a completed Phase 2 obesity study, a completed Phase 2b MASH study, and a planned MASH Phase 3 program. Survodutide has an active Phase 3 program with reported 76-week obesity results and liver-focused studies. Neither is approved for marketing. Their receptor labels overlap, but the molecules, development priorities, doses, populations, durations, efficacy analyses, and gastrointestinal discontinuation records differ, so they are not interchangeable and the available percentages cannot name a winner.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
26Altimmune / Eli Lilly and Company

Pemvidutide
vs Retatrutide

Pemvidutide and retatrutide are different investigational once-weekly peptides with no head-to-head trial. Pemvidutide activates GLP-1 and glucagon receptors in a balanced dual-agonist design and is currently focused on MASH and alcohol-related liver conditions after a completed Phase 2 obesity study. Retatrutide activates GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors and has reported Phase 3 obesity results. Neither is FDA approved. Retatrutide's larger and longer Phase 3 headline cannot establish that it is better for MASH, liver outcomes, safety, or an individual, while pemvidutide's FDA designations do not establish approval or comparative superiority.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
27Novo Nordisk / Novo Nordisk Inc.

CagriSema
vs Semaglutide

CagriSema and semaglutide were compared directly in the randomized Phase 3 REDEFINE 1 trial, which makes this comparison stronger than placing results from unrelated studies side by side. At 68 weeks, the trial-product estimand reported 22.7% mean weight loss with CagriSema and 16.1% with semaglutide. The same protocol used flexible dose escalation and compared CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg with semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with obesity or overweight without type 2 diabetes. Those group results do not predict an individual winner. CagriSema remains investigational with an FDA application under review, while WEGOVY is an FDA-approved semaglutide product with product-specific labels and presentations.

Direct randomized comparison · 5 evidence fields
28Novo Nordisk Inc. / Eli Lilly and Company

Semaglutide
vs Retatrutide

Semaglutide and retatrutide have not been compared in a randomized head-to-head trial. Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in several product-specific approved medicines, including WEGOVY under FDA application NDA 215256. Retatrutide is Lilly's investigational once-weekly GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor triple agonist and is not FDA approved. WEGOVY and STEP evidence and retatrutide's 80-week TRIUMPH-1 result come from separate programs, populations, doses, durations, comparators, and statistical analyses. Those results can explain each evidence record, but they cannot prove that retatrutide is better, safer, more durable, or appropriate for an individual.

Separate trial programs · 5 evidence fields
29Novo Nordisk / Eli Lilly and Company

Cagrilintide
vs Retatrutide

Cagrilintide and retatrutide are different investigational once-weekly peptides, and no randomized head-to-head trial has compared them. Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analogue now studied alone in the Phase 3 RENEW program. It is also the amylin component of CagriSema, but evidence for that combination cannot be assigned to cagrilintide alone. Retatrutide is a synthetic peptide designed to activate GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors, with Phase 3 TRIUMPH results now reported. Separate trials cannot establish which program is more effective, safer, more convenient, or more sustainable for an individual. Neither drug is FDA approved, and FDA states that neither cagrilintide nor retatrutide can be used in compounding under federal law.

Separate trial programs · 6 evidence fields
Comparison method

Four questions before one number.

  1. 01

    What exactly is being studied?

    A single molecule, a fixed-dose combination, and a renamed development asset are different identity problems.

  2. 02

    Who was in the trial?

    Diabetes status, comorbidities, baseline measures, and enrollment criteria change what a result can support.

  3. 03

    How was the result estimated?

    Duration, adherence assumptions, rescue treatment, missing data, dose escalation, and comparator all matter.

  4. 04

    What is the regulatory status?

    Phase 3, submission, review, approval, launch, and coverage are separate milestones.

Open the 14-result clinical trial design tool Read the full editorial method
Important boundaryNo comparison creates worldwide approval or verified supply.

FOUNDAYO has a product-specific US approval and Mazdutide has China-specific approvals, while most programs compared here remain investigational. These pages contain no affiliate links, buying routes, personal-use protocols, or treatment recommendations.

Understand the category boundary →